![]() ![]() ![]() 13, 14 In addition, waterpipe tobacco smoking may be, for some individuals, a precursor to cigarette smoking. Contrary to popular belief that waterpipe tobacco smoking is less lethal than cigarette smoking, 9, 11 emerging research indicates that both involve comparable health risks 3, 4, 12 including nicotine/tobacco dependence. Although known by many different names (eg, hookah, narghile, shisha), the term waterpipe has been used for the last 2 decades in the English language scientific literature 6– 10 to refer to any of a variety of instruments that involve passing tobacco smoke through water before inhalation. ![]() Waterpipe tobacco smoking is a centuries-old tobacco use method with an ambiguous origin 5 and links to the countries of southwest Asia and north Africa. 2 This success is threatened by alternative methods of tobacco use, including waterpipe tobacco smoking. 1 In the United States, tobacco smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death, even as considerable success has been achieved in curbing the tobacco epidemic over the past 20 years. Tobacco use causes many of the world’s leading lethal ailments, including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.
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